Zamanlar There to be Modals  Edilgen Koşullar  Söz Aktarımı Mastar  Nicelik  Cümlecik I   Cümlecik II 1 Present continuous a – Konuşma sırasında neler olduğunu anlatmak için kullanılır. "Where are the children?”  “ They are playing in the garden”. “What are you doing at the moment?”   “I’m writing a letter.” You can switch off the TV. I’m not watching it. Look, there’s Sally. Who is she talking to? We are leaving now. Goodbye. b – Present continuous, tam anlamıyla konuşmanın geçtiği an olmasa da, şimdilerde olanları anlatmak için kullanılır. You’re spending a lot of money these days. Sue is looking for a job at the moment. Present continuous, yine ‘şimdilerde’ belirli bir dönemde olagelenleri anlatmak için kullanılır. Your children are growing up very quickly. Computers are becoming more and more important in our lives.   2 Present simple a – Tekrarlanan eylemler ya da alışkanlıklardan söz ederken kullanılır. I have a shower every morning. Most evenings my parents stay at home and watch TV. Do you go to the cinema very often? b – Daimi durumlardan söz ederken kullanılır. (En azından uzun bir dönem devam edeceğini düşündüğümüz) Mr and Mrs Shaw live in Bristol. C – Bunların yanı sıra, genel doğrulardan söz ederken kullanılır. The River Amazon flows into the Atlantic Ocean. Vegetarians don’t eat meat or fish.   3 Present continuous ve present simple Karşılaştırın: Pre. Cont. Konuşma anı yada şimdilerde olagelen durumları anlatmak için: Are you working now? Don’t forget your unbrella when you go out. It is raining outside. Pre. Simple Tekrarlanan eylemler yada alışkanlıklardan ve genel doğrularda söz ederken: Do you work every Saturday afternoon? It rains a lot in Britain in March and April. Present continuous geçici, present simple ise daimi durumlar için kullanılır. I’m sleeping on a sofa these days because my bed is broken. I always sleep eight hours every night.   4 Past simple Geçmişteki durum ve eylemler için kullanılır. I played football yesterday. He lived in London from 1970 to 1973. Then he moved to Samsun. Did you see Sarah yesterday? No, I didn’t. We didn’t go out last night. We stayed at home and watched TV.   5 Past continuous a – Geçmiş zamanda bir süreklilikten söz ederken kullanılır. Eylem yada durum geçmiş zamanda başlamıştır. Fakat bu eylem yada durum başladığı anda bitmemiş, yine geçmiş zaman içerisinde bir süreç tutmuştur. At eight o’clock last night I was watching TV. I saw you last night. You were waiting for a bus. Was Sue working at 10 o’clock yesterday morning? b – Çoğunlukla simple past ve past continuous cümleleri beraber kullanırız. Bu tür cümlelerde neler olup bittiğine dikkat ediniz. I was driving along when suddenly a child ran across the road. When Kate was watching TV the telephone rang We were walking in the park when it started to rain. Past continuous geçmiş bir dönem içerisinde daha uzun bir süreç tutan durum yada eylemi tarif eder; simple past ise bu uzun dönemin ortasında olan daha kısa bir durum yada eylem anlatır. Oysa bir şeyin diğerinden hemen sonra olduğunu anlatmak istersek, sadece simple past cümleler kullanırız. When the telephone rang, Kate answered it. We sheltered under a tree when it started to rain. Karşılaştırın: When Kate came home, Ken was making some tea. (Ken, yaptığı işen ortalarındaydı. Daha sonra Kate geldi.) When Kate came home, Ken made some tea. (Kate eve geldi. Daha sonra Ken çay yaptı.) c – Bir hikaye anlatırken, hikayenin arka fonunu oluşturan olayları tarif etmek için past continuous kullanırız ve bu fon üzerinde olan tüm şeyler için ise simple past. Simple past: I was standing outside the bus station. It was getting late and I was feeling tired. I was waiting for a man called Jonny Mars. Past continuous: Suddenly, a woman came round the corner and walked right up to me. “Are you Marlowe?” she asked.   6 Present perfect simple a - Geçmişte başlamış ve bugüne ulaşan şeylerden söz ederken kullanılır. I have been here for an hour. She has worked in London for six months. (= Hala Londra’da çalışıyor.) How long have you lived here? (=Hala burada yaşıyorsunuz.) Kate and Ken have been married for 20 years. (= Hala evliler.) b – Bugüne uzanan bir süreçte olan şeyleri anlatmak için kullanılır. I have been to Africa and India. (=Hayatım boyunca, şimdiye kadar) Have you ever eaten Chinese food? (=Hayatın boyunca, şimdiye kadar) Bu durumlarda present perfect ile birlikte çoğunlukla belirsiz zaman sözcükleri kullanırız. (şimdiye kadar hiç; henüz; daha önce) What’s the best film you’ve ever seen? I’ve never seen a ghost. She’s been there before. Konuşma anında henüz tamamlanmamış olan zaman zarflarını belirten bugün, bu sabah, bu öğleden sonra, vs. present perfect ile kullanılır. Oysa kesin bir geçmiş zaman bildiren sözcükler dün, geçen akşam, 1985’de vs kullanılamaz. She has been there yesterday diyemeyiz. I’ve written six letters this morning. (=Hala “bu sabah”) c – Geçmiş bir eylemin sonucunu şimdi ile ilişkilendirmek için kullanılır. Someone has broken the window. (=Cam şimdi kırık.) The taxi has arrived. (=Taksi şimdi burada) We’ve cleaned the flat.(=Daire şimdi temiz) Bu şekilde bir haberi duyurmak için çoğunlukla present perfect kullanılır. My brother has grown a beard. I’ve fond a new job.   7 Gone ve been Karşılaştırın: Mr Jones isn’t here at the moment. He has gone to hairdresser’s. (=Henüz dönmedi) Mr Jones is back now. He has been to hairdresser’s. (=Geldi) 8 Present perfect ile just, yet ve already Bu zaman zarfları present perfect ile sıklıkla kullanılır. 1. Çok yakın olaylar için just kullanılır. The taxi has just arrived. They’ve just finished. 2. Bir şeyin olmasını umduğumuzda yet kullanırız; yet genel olarak cümle sonunda bulunur. It’s nearly 10 o’clock. Has Andrew woken up yet? They haven’t finished dinner yet. Yet, bu şekilde, soru ve olumsuzlarda kullanılır. 3. Bir şey umulandan daha önce olduğunda already kullanılır. "Where is Ferhat?" "He’s already left." Could you do the washing up? I’ve already done it. Vurgulu cümlelerde already cümle sonuna gidebilir. She’s left already. I’ve done it already.   9 Present perfect continuous Present perfect olan cümleler daima geçmişi şimdi ile bir birine bağlar. a – Present perfect continuous, geçmişte başlayıp, şimdi hala devam eden şeyler için kullanılır. She has been waiting for an hour. I’ve been working all day. How long have you been sitting there? b– Present perfect continuous, şimdiye uzanan bir dönem içinde tekrar eden durum yada eylemler için de kullanılır. I’ve been having driving lessons for six months. How long have you been living in Manchester?   10 Present perfect ve present perfect continuous Karşılaştırın: 1. Present perfect continuous I’ve been cleaning my car.   PPC kullandığımızda, eylem bitmiş yada bitmemiş olabilir.       Present perfect I’ve cleaned my car. PP kullandığımızda eylem bitmiştir. 2. Bir şeyin ne kadar süredir olageldiğini söylemek için present perfect continuous kullanırız. I’ve been walking all morning. How long have you been having driving lessons? Şimdiye uzanan bir süreç içerisinde neyin gerçekleştirildiğini söylemek için ise present perfect kullanırız. I’ve walked six kilometres so far this morning. How many driving lessons have you had? 3. Daha geçici durumlardan söz etmek için present perfect continuous kullanırız. He’s been living there for just a few weeks. I’ve been working very hard recently. Daha daimi durumlardan söz ederken present perfect kullanırız. He’s always lived there. You’ve worked hard all your life.   11 Present perfect ile for ve since Şimdiye uzanan bir zaman diliminden söz edeceğimizde çoğunlukla since ve for kullanırız. It’s been snowing for four hours. It has been snowing since Monday. Dönemin uzunluğundan söz ediyorsak for kullanırız; dönemin başlangıç noktasından söz edeceksek since. I’ve been here for four hours He’s been living in Paris for nine months. I have been here since 2 o’clock. He’s been living in Paris since July.   12 Present perfect ve simple past 1. a – Present perfect, geçmişte başlayıp şimdiye uzanan şeylerden söz edilirken kullanılır; past simple, geçmişte başlamış ve bitmiş şeylerden söz ederken kullanılır. I’ve lived in London for ten years. (= Şimdi de hala orada yaşıyorum.) I lived in Manchester for ten years. (= Artık orada yaşamıyorum) He has worked in a shop for five years. (=Hala orada çalışıyor) He worked in a factory for ten years. (=Artık orada çalışmıyor) How long have you been here? (= Hala buradasın) How long were you there? (=Artık orada değilsin) b –  Geçmişteki bir olayın sonuçlarını şimdi ile ilişkilendirirken present perfect kullanırız. Oysa geçmişteki eylemin sonuçları doğrudan şimdi ile bağlı değilse past simple kullanılır. I’ve lost my wallet. (= Şu anda cüzdanım yok.) I lost my wallet, but I’ve got it back again now. Bir haberi duyurmak için çoğunlukla present perfect kullanırız. Habere ait detayları vermek içinse, simple past. Someone has stolen my motorbike. I left the bike outside for a few minutes and when I came back, it wasn’t there. 2 dün, geçen hafta, altı hafta önce gibi belirgin bir geçmiş zamandan söz ediyorsak, daima past simple kullanırız. Bu durumlarda asla present perfect kullanılmamalıdır. I lost my wallet yesterday. Someone stole my bicycle last week. Present perfect, şimdiye uzanan tanımlanmamış geçmiş bir zamandan söz ederken kullanılır. Ör. Hiç, asla, son zamanlarda. Karşılaştırın: Have you ever seen a ghost? Did you see your friend yesterday? I’ve never been to New York. I went to London last week. I’ve started taking driving lessons recently. I started taking driving lessons six weeks ago. Konuşmalarda, present perfect ile, çoğunlukla belirsiz bir zaman zarfıyla başlarız. Daha sonra, olayların olduğu kesin zamanları düşündüğümüzde, past simple kullanırız. “Have you ever been to the United States?”  “Yes, I went there in 1985.” “Did you go to New York?” (1985’de oradayken) “I’ve seen that film. I enjoyed it very much.” (Seyrettiğimde) 3 Normal olarak, bir şeyin ne zaman olduğunu sormak için, present perfect değil, simple past kullanırız. When did you arrive home last night?   13 Present perfect ve present tense Bir şeyin ne kadar sürdüğünü belirtmek için simple present yada present continuous değil, present perfect kullanırız. She has been waiting for an hour. I’ve lived here since last year.   14 Past perfect simple a – Geçmişten söz ederken, bazen, söz ettiğimiz zamandan daha önce bir zamana atıfta bulunuruz. Düşündüğümüz geçmiş zamandan daha önce olmuş olan şeylerden söz ederken past perfect kullanırız. We arrived at the cinema at 8.00, but the film had started at 7.30. When I spoke to the woman I realized I had met her somewhere before. b –  Past perfect, present perfect’in geçmiş zamanıdır. I haven’t eaten all day today, so I’m very hungry now. I hadn’d eaten all day yesterday, so I was very hungry when I got home. c – Past simple ve past perfect kullanımları karşılaştırınız. We got to the station at 8.00, but the train had left at 7.30. We got to the station at 7.20 and the train left at 7.30. When Sue arrived, we had had dinner. ( Biz yemeği yedik, daha sonra Sue geldi.) When Sue arrived, we had dinner. ( Sue geldi, daha sonra yemeği yedik.)   15 Past perfect continuous a – Geçmişten söz ederken, bazen, daha önceki bir dönemden bahsetmek isteriz. Geçmişte söz ettiğimiz bu noktaya kadar süren daha önceki dönem için ise past perfect continuous kullanılır. Dave had been driving for an hour when his car broke down. I’d been walking for about half an hour when it suddenly started to rain. Mr Woods had been working for 50 years when he finally retired in 1965. B – Past perfect continuous, present perfect continuous’ un geçmiş zamanıdır. I’ve been working hard all day, so I’m very tired now. I’d been working hard all day, so was very tired last night.   16 Future: will a – Geleceği tahmin etmek için will kullanırız. Tomorrow will be another cold day in all parts of the country. In the future, machines will do many of jobs that people do today. Who do you think will win the football match on Sunday? We won’t arrive home before midnight tonight. Geleceği tahmin ederken, will ile birlikte çoğunlukla şu fiil ve ifadeleri de kullanırız. Think  expect  believe  be sure  be afraid  hope I expect they’ll be here at around 10 o’clock tomorrow morning. I’m sure you’ll enjoy the film if you go and see it. Aynı zamanda bu durumlarda olabilirlik zarfları da kullanılır. Martin will probably phone us this evening. Perhaps I’ll see you tomorrow. b – will aynı zamanda, bir şeyi yapmaya konuşma anında karar veriyorsak kullanılır. “Would you like somethink to drink?”  “Oh, thank you. I’ll have some orenge juice.” “There’s someone at the door.”  “Is there? Oh, I’ll see who it is.” “I’m going to out shopping things myself.”  “Oh, are you? I’ll come with you, then. I need to get some things myself.”   17 Future: going to  a – going to şimdiki bir durumun sonucu olarak, gelecekte olacağını düşündüğümüz şeylerden söz ederken kullanırız. Look at those black clouds in the sky. It’s going to rain. Those people are going to get wet. Hurry up! It’s getting late. You’re going to miss your train. Look out! That ladder is going to fall. Bu nedenle, going to çoğunlukla yakın gelecek zamanla ilgilidir. b – going to gelecekte yapmayı niyet ettiğimiz şeylerden söz ederken de kullanılır. Bir şeyi yapmaya zaten karar verdiğimizde yine going to kullanırız. I’m going to have a shower. “Why have you moved all the furniture out of this room?” “I’m going to clean the carpet.” “Lynne has just sold her car.” “Is she going to buy a new one?”   18 Future: will ve going to 1 Geleceği tahmin ederken hem will hem de going to kullanılabilir. Fakat aralarında bir fark vardır. Gelecekte olacağını düşündüğümüz yada tahmin ettiğimiz şeyler için will kullanırız. That boat doesn’t look very safe. It’ll sink in that heavy sea. Don’t climb up that tree. You’ll fall and hurt yourself. Şimdi olan bir şeyin bir sonucu olarak gelecekle ilgili tahminde bulunuyorsak, going to kullanırız. Look at that boat! It’s going to sink. Look out! You’re going to fall! 2 Yapmaya niyetli olduğumuz şeylerden söz ederken, burada da, hem will hem de going to kullanılır. Fakat aralarında yine bir fark vardır. Bir şeyi yapmaya konuşma anında karar verdiysek, will kullanırız.  “Oh dear! I’ve spilt some wine on my jacket.” “Don’t worry. I’ll clean it for you.” What shall I do tomorrow? I know! I’ll paint the kitchen. Gelecekte bir şey yapmaya zaten karar vermişsek, going to kullanırız. “Why have you moved all the furniture out of this room?” “I’m going to clean the carpet.” “Why are you putting on those old clothes?” “I’m going to paint the kitchen.” 19 Gelecek için present continuous Gelecekte yapılmak üzere zaten planlanmış yada ayarlanmış şeylerden söz etmek için present continuous kullanırız. “What are you doing on Saturday evening?” “I’m meeting to Sarah.” Sarah is taking an exam an Monday. We’re visiting some friends in Scotland next weekend.   20 Future: present continuous ve going to 1 Gelecekte yapılmak üzere zaten planlanmış yada ayarlanmış şeylerden söz etmek için present continuous yada going to kullanırız. I’m having lunch with Lynne tomorrow. I’m going to have lunch with Lynne tomorrow. 2 Gelecek ile ilgili tahminde bulunurken, going to (yada will) kullanabiliriz, fakat present continuous doğru bir kullanım olmayacaktır. It’s going to rain tomorrow. ( It’s raining tomorrow mümkün değildir.)   21 Gelecek için present simple Gelecekte, fakat sabit bir programın bir parçası olarak gerçekleşecek olaylar için simple present kullanırız. “What time does the tennis start tomorrow evening?”  “At 6.15.” The film starts at 7.30 and finishes at 9.00. What time does your plane leave tomorrow? Next summer the school holidays begin on July 25th and end on September 10th. Bu şekilde present simple, gelecekte değişemeyecek bir plan, ayarlama yada gerçek olarak düşünüldüğünde kullanılır.   22 When, if, vs. ile birlikte gelecek zaman için present simple Bir koşul yada zaman cümleciği içerisinde, when, while, as soon as, after, before, untill, if, unless, as/so long as ve provided/proviging (that) den sonra bir geleceğe atıfta bulunmak için simple present kullanırız.   I’ll buy a newspaper when I go out. We won’t go out untill it stops raining. We’ll go to the beach if the weather is nice. I’ll go to the party provided you go too. 23 Future continuous: will be + ... -ing a – will be + ...-ing, gelecek bir zamanda bir süreç tutacağını düşündüğümüz şeyler için kullanırız. I’ll be having dinner at 7.00. Don’t phone me at 8.00. I’ll be doing my homework then. What will you be doing this time next week. b – will be + ... –ing, gelecek zaman içersinde, her zamanki işlerden yada zaten planlanmış şeylerden söz ederken kullanılır. I’ll be driving into town later on. Do you want a lift? “Would you like me to give Peter a message for you?”  “Oh, I don’t want to trouble you.” “It’s no trouble, really. I’ll be seeing Peter tomorrow anyway.” Özellikle birinin bizim için bir şey yapmasını istediğimizde, planlarının bu isteğimize uygun olup olmadığını sormanın nazik bir yöntemidir. “Will you be going out this morning?”  “Yes, why?”  “Oh, could you get me a newspaper?” Burada, çoğunlukla başkalarının bizim yüzümüzden planlarını değiştirmemelerini istiyoruzdur.   24 Future perfect: will have + past participle Gelecekte belirli bir zamandan daha önce tamamlanacağını düşündüğümüz şeylerden söz ederken kullanılır. I’ll have finished dinner by 8.00. I’ll have worked here for a year next September.   25 Geçmişteki gelecek: was/were going to Geçmişte bir şeyin, gelecekle ilgili planlandığını söylemek için kullanabiliriz. They were going to get married, but in the end they changed their minds. Bu yapıyı kullandığımızda, gelecek için planlanan şeylerin çoğu zaman gerçekleşmedi unutulmamalıdır.   26 Always ile süreklilikler 1 Always, present continuous yada past continuous ile birlikte ‘çok sık’ anlamına gelmektedir. He’s always saying stupid things. Our neighbours are always having arguments. She was always crying when she was a baby. Bu kullanımda always çoğunlukla rahatsızlık yada kızgınlık ifade eder. 2 always genel olarak ‘her durumda’ anlamına gelir. Bu anlamda kullandığımızda, continuous değil simple tercih edilmelidir. She always comes to work at 8.30. She’s always coming to work late. I always pay my rent by cheque. I’m always paying for you when we go out. Why don’t you pay sometimes? They always had dinner at 8 o’clock. They were always having arguments. 3 always, continuous ile birlikte sadece olumsuz bir duygu ile kullanılmayabilir. Bazen de bu yapıyı, bir şeyin beklenenden daha sıklıkta olduğu zamanlar kullanırız. She’s always helping other people. I’m always meeting Maria in the park. . He who speaks without modesty will find it difficult to make his words good. Confucius I have often wished I had time to cultivate modesty... But I am too busy thinking about myself. Edith Sitwell  Life is a long lesson in humility. James M. Barrie Be modest! It is the kind of pride least likely to offend. Jules Renard Modesty is a shining light; it prepares the mind to receive knowledge, and the heart for truth. Madam Guizot I am no more humble than my talents require. Oscar Levant If I only had a little humility, I'd be perfect. Ted Turner Acting is not being emotional, but being able to express emotion. Kate Reid I have long since come to believe that people never mean half of what they say, and that it is best to disregard their talk and judge only their actions. Dorothy Day I have always thought the actions of men the best interpreters of their thoughts. John Locke Strong reasons make strong actions. William Shakespeare Half the money I spend on advertising is wasted; the trouble is I don't know which half. John Wanamaker You can tell the ideals of a nation by its advertisements. Norman Douglas Advertising may be described as the science of arresting the human intelligence long enough to get money from it. Stephen Leacock Advertisements... contain the only truths to be relied on in a newspaper. Thomas Jefferson I read no newspaper now but Ritchie's, and in that chiefly the advertisements, for they contain the only truths to be relied on in a newspaper. Thomas Jefferson What is the difference between unethical and ethical advertising? Unethical advertising uses falsehoods to deceive the public; ethical advertising uses truth to deceive the public. Vilhjalmur Stefansson Never trust the advice of a man in difficulties. Aesop It is very difficult to live among people you love and hold back from offering them advice. Anne Tyler People who ask our advice almost never take it. Yet we should never refuse to give it, upon request, for it often helps us to see our own way more clearly. Brendan Francis Ask advice only of your equals. Danish Proverb Please give me some good advice in your next letter. I promise not to follow it. Edna St. Vincent Millay (1892 - 1950), Letters Write down the advice of him who loves you, though you like it not at present. English Proverb Advice is what we ask for when we already know the answer but wish we didn't. Erica Jong I owe my success to having listened respectfully to the very best advice, and then going away and doing the exact opposite. G. K. Chesterton Never give advice unless asked. German Proverb Some people like my advice so much that they frame it upon the wall instead of using it. Gordon R. Dickson The true secret of giving advice is, after you have honestly given it, to be perfectly indifferent whether it is taken or not, and never persist in trying to set people right. Hannah Whitall Smith I have found the best way to give advice to your children is to find out what they want and then advise them to do it. Harry S Truman   Never take the advice of someone who has not had your kind of trouble. Sidney J. Harris In giving advice, seek to help, not please your friend. Solon Never advise anyone to go to war or to marry. Spanish Proverb Beware of the young doctor and the old barber. Benjamin Franklin To me, old age is always 15 years older than I am. Bernard M. Baruch   Aging is not 'lost youth' but a new stage of opportunity and strength. Betty Friedan There is no old age. There is, as there always was, just you. Carol Matthau Always be nice to those younger than you, because they are the ones who will be writing about you. Cyril Connolly The great secret that all old people share is that you really haven't changed in 70 or 80 years. Your body changes, but you don't change at all. Doris Lessing The surprising thing about young fools is how many survive to become old fools. Doug Larson Though it sounds absurd, it is true to say I felt younger at sixty than I felt at twenty. Ellen Glasgow The longer I live the more beautiful life becomes. Frank Lloyd Wright Age to me means nothing. I can't get old; I'm working. I was old when I was twenty-one and out of work. As long as you're working, you stay young. When I'm in front of an audience, all that love and vitality sweeps over me and I forget my age. George Burns   I was always taught to respect my elders and I've now reached the age when I don't have anybody to respect. George Burns   About the only thing that comes to us without effort is old age. Gloria Pitzer   Age is not a particularly interesting subject. Anyone can get old. All you have to do is live long enough. Groucho Marx The older I grow the more I distrust the familiar doctrine that age brings wisdom. H. L. Mencken . My idea of an agreeable person is a person who agrees with me. Benjamin Disraeli   It is by universal misunderstanding that all agree. For if, by ill luck, people understood each other, they would never agree. Charles Baudelaire Those who agree with us may not be right, but we admire their astuteness. Cullen Hightower We rarely think people have good sense unless they agree with us. Francois de La Rochefoucauld If two men agree on everything, you may be sure that one of them is doing the thinking. Lyndon B. Johnson I don't necessarily agree with everything I say. Marshall McLuhan If you can find something everyone agrees on, it's wrong. Mo Udall Whenever people agree with me I always feel I must be wrong. Oscar Wilde The greatest mistake is trying to be more agreeable than you can be. Walter Bagehot When two men in business always agree, one of them is unnecessary. William Wrigley Jr. America is a large, friendly dog in a very small room. Every time it wags its tail, it knocks over a chair. Arnold Toynbee  There is nothing wrong with America that cannot be cured by what is right with America. Bill Clinton   America's one of the finest countries anyone ever stole. Bobcat Goldthwaite There's the country of America, which you have to defend, but there's also the idea of America. America is more than just a country, it's an idea. An idea that's supposed to be contagious. Bono There is nothing wrong with America that the faith, love of freedom, intelligence and energy of her citizens cannot cure. Dwight D. Eisenhower (1890 - 1969) The United States is a nation of laws: badly written and randomly enforced. Frank Zappa England and America are two countries separated by a common language. George Bernard Shaw America is a young country with an old mentality. George Santayana America has never been an empire. We may be the only great power in history that had the chance, and refused – preferring greatness to power and justice to glory. George W. Bush America has never been united by blood or birth or soil. We are bound by ideals that move us beyond our backgrounds, lift us above our interests and teach us what it means to be citizens. George W. Bush America will never run... And we will always be grateful that liberty has found such brave defenders. George W. Bush In the United States there is more space where nobody is than where anybody is. That is what makes America what it is. Gertrude Stein   What's right about America is that although we have a mess of problems, we have great capacity - intellect and resources - to do some thing about them. Henry Ford II This is the story of America. Everybody's doing what they think they're supposed to do. Jack Kerouac In a country as big as the United States, you can find fifty examples of anything. Jeffery F. Chamberlain America is a vast conspiracy to make you happy. There are three social classes in America: upper middle class, middle class, and lower middle class. Judith Martin, The thing that impresses me the most about America is the way parents obey their children. King Edward VIII Anger makes you smaller, while forgiveness forces you to grow beyond what you were. Cherie Carter-Scott When anger rises, think of the consequences. Confucius If you would cure anger, do not feed it. Say to yourself: 'I used to be angry every day; then every other day; now only every third or fourth day.' When you reach thirty days offer a sacrifice of thanksgiving to the gods. Epictetus Anger at lies lasts forever. Anger at truth can't last. Greg Evans Never forget what a man says to you when he is angry. Henry Ward Beecher Speak when you are angry--and you will make the best speech you'll ever regret. Laurence J. Peter Usually when people are sad, they don't do anything. They just cry over their condition. But when they get angry, they bring about a change. Malcolm X I have a right to my anger, and I don't want anybody telling me I shouldn't be, that it's not nice to be, and that something's wrong with me because I get angry. Maxine Waters My parents only had one argument in forty-five years. It lasted forty-three years. Cathy Ladman He who strikes the first blow admits he's lost the argument. Chinese Proverb I can win an argument on any topic, against any opponent. People know this, and steer clear of me at parties. Often, as a sign of their great respect, they don't even invite me. Dave Barry Use soft words and hard arguments. English Proverb The most perfidious way of harming a cause consists of defending it deliberately with faulty arguments. Friedrich Nietzsche   The thing I hate about an argument is that it always interrupts a discussion. G. K. Chesterton No matter what side of the argument you are on, you always find people on your side that you wish were on the other. Jascha Heifetz If you go in for argument, take care of your temper. Your logic, if you have any, will take care of itself. Joseph Farrell Silence is one of the hardest arguments to refute. Josh Billings Behind every argument is someone's ignorance. Louis D. Brandeis Arguments are to be avoided; they are always vulgar and often convincing. Oscar Wilde It is not necessary to understand things in order to argue about them. Pierre Beaumarchais In a heated argument we are apt to lose sight of the truth. Publilius Syrus The argument is at an end. Saint Augustine It is impossible to defeat an ignorant man in argument. William G. McAdoo With reasonable men I will reason; with humane men I will plea; but to tyrants I will give no quarter, nor waste arguments where they will certainly be lost. William Lloyd Garrison For they are yet ear-kissing arguments. William Shakespeare   [Abstract art is] a product of the untalented, sold by the unprincipled to the utterly bewildered. Al Capp Art is the imposing of a pattern on experience, and our aesthetic enjoyment is recognition of the pattern. Alfred North Whitehead Painting: The art of protecting flat surfaces from the weather and exposing them to the critic. Ambrose Bierce Art is the desire of a man to express himself, to record the reactions of his personality to the world he lives in. Amy Lowell Art is a collaboration between God and the artist, and the less the artist does the better. Andre Gide Let each man exercise the art he knows. Aristophanes I believe that if it were left to artists to choose their own labels, most would choose none. Ben Shahn So you see, imagination needs moodling - long, inefficient, happy idling, dawdling and puttering. Brenda Ueland I suppose no matter what I'm drawing, there will always be some sort of question in my mind about it. A work of art (even cartoon art)is never really finished; it is abandoned. Brooke McEldowney, I can't criticize what I don't understand. If you want to call this art, you've got the benefit of all my doubts. Charles Rosin, Art is born of the observation and investigation of nature. Cicero Art forms of the past were really considered elitist. Bach did not compose for the masses, neither did Beethoven. It was always for patrons, aristocrats, and royalty. Now we have a sort of democratic version of that, which is to say that the audience is so splintered in its interests. David Cronenberg, Rocketboom, The idea of a mass audience was really an invention of the Industrial Revolution. David Cronenberg, I merely took the energy it takes to pout and wrote some blues. Duke Ellington Works of art, in my opinion, are the only objects in the material universe to possess internal order, and that is why, though I don't believe that only art matters, I do believe in Art for Art's sake. E. M. Forster Another unsettling element in modern art is that common symptom of immaturity, the dread of doing what has been done before. Edith Wharton Art is on the side of the oppressed. Think before you shudder at the simplistic dictum and its heretical definition of the freedom of art. For if art is freedom of the spirit, how can it exist within the oppressors? Edith Wharton A painting in a museum hears more ridiculous opinions than anything else in the world. Edmond de Goncourt Illusions are art, for the feeling person, and it is by art that you live, if you do. Elizabeth Bowen Artists who seek perfection in everything are those who cannot attain it in anything. Eugene Delacroix Art is making something out of nothing and selling it. Frank Zappa I paint my own reality. The only thing I know is that I paint because I need to, and I paint whatever passes through my head without any other consideration. Frida Kahlo Art, like morality, consists of drawing the line somewhere. G. K. Chesterton A positive attitude may not solve all your problems, but it will annoy enough people to make it worth the effort. Herm Albright   I happen to feel that the degree of a person's intelligence is directly reflected by the number of conflicting attitudes she can bring to bear on the same topic. Lisa Alther, Kinflicks, Complaining is good for you as long as you're not complaining to the person you're complaining about. Lynn Johnston A strong positive mental attitude will create more miracles than any wonder drug. Patricia Neal Human beings, by changing the inner attitudes of their minds, can change the outer aspects of their lives. William James The greatest discovery of my generation is that a human being can alter his life by altering his attitudes of mind. William James   A bank is a place that will lend you money if you can prove that you don't need it. Bob Hope Drive-in banks were established so most of the cars today could see their real owners. E. Joseph Cossman A banker is a fellow who lends you his umbrella when the sun is shining, but wants it back the minute it begins to rain. Mark Twain The first question I ask myself when something doesn't seem to be beautiful is why do I think it's not beautiful. And very shortly you discover that there is no reason. John Cage I never saw an ugly thing in my life: for let the form of an object be what it may - light, shade, and perspective will always make it beautiful. John Constable Rarely do great beauty and great virtue dwell together. Petrarch When I'm working on a problem, I never think about beauty. I think only how to solve the problem. But when I have finished, if the solution is not beautiful, I know it is wrong. R. Buckminster Fuller Reading, after a certain age, diverts the mind too much from its creative pursuits. Any man who reads too much and uses his own brain too little falls into lazy habits of thinking. Albert Einstein   This paperback is very interesting, but I find it will never replace a hardcover book - it makes a very poor doorstop. Alfred Hitchcock Bülent Göksal   EnglishEver © 2008