ADVERBS OF MANNER
Adverbs of manner tell us how something happens. They are usually placed after the main verb or after the object.
Examples:
BE CAREFUL! The adverb should not be put between the verb and the object:
If there is a preposition before the object, e.g. at, towards, we can place the adverb either before the preposition or after the object.
Example:
Sometimes an adverb of manner is placed before a verb + object to add emphasis:
Some writers put an adverb of manner at the beginning of the sentence to catch our attention and make us curious:
(We want to know what happened slowly, who did it slowly, why they did it slowly)
However, adverbs should always come AFTER intransitive verbs (=verbs which have no object).
Also, these common adverbs are almost always placed AFTER the verb:
The position of the adverb is important when there is more than one verb in a sentence. If the adverb is placed after a clause, then it modifies the whole action described by the clause.
Notice the difference in meaning between the following pairs of sentences:
ADVERBS OF PLACE
Adverbs of place tell us where something happens. They are usually placed after the main verb or after the object:
after the main verb:
after the object:
'Here' and 'there'
With verbs of movement, here means towards or with the speaker:
There means away from, or not with the speaker:
Here and there are combined with prepositions to make many common adverbial phrases:
down here, down there; over here, over there; under here, under there; up here, up there
Here and there are placed at the beginning of the sentence in exclamations or when emphasis is needed.
They are followed by the verb if the subject is a noun:
Or by a pronoun if this is the subject (it, she, he etc.):
NOTE: most common adverbs of place also function as prepositions.
about, across, along, around, behind, by, down, in, off, on, over, round, through, under, up.
Go to Prepositions or Phrasal Verbs
Other adverbs of place: ending in '-wards', expressing movement in a particular direction:
backwards forwards downwards upwards inwards outwards
BE CAREFUL! 'Towards' is a preposition, not an adverb, so it is always followed by a noun or a pronoun:
expressing both movement and location:
ahead, abroad, overseas, uphill, downhill, sideways, indoors, outdoors
ADVERBS OF TIME
Adverbs of time tell us when an action happened, but also for how long, and how often.
"When" adverbs are usually placed at the end of the sentence:
This is a "neutral" position, but some "when" adverbs can be put in other positions to give a different emphasis
Compare:
"For how long" adverbs are usually placed at the end of the sentence:
Notice: 'for' is always followed by an expression of duration:
'since' is always followed by an expression of a point in time:
"How often" adverbs expressing the frequency of an action are usually placed before the main verb but after auxiliary verbs (such as be, have, may, must):
Some other "how often" adverbs express the exact number of times an action happens and are usually placed at the end of the sentence:
When a frequency adverb is placed at the end of a sentence it is much stronger.
Adverbs that can be used in these two positions:
'Yet' and 'still'
Yet is used in questions and in negative sentences, and is placed at the end of the sentence or after not.
Still expresses continuity; it is used in positive sentences and questions, and is placed before the main verb and after auxiliary verbs (such as be, have, might, will)
ORDER OF ADVERBS OF TIME
If you need to use more than one adverb of time at the end of a sentence, use them in this order:
1: 'how long' 2: 'how often' 3: 'when' (think of 'low')
ADVERBS OF CERTAINTY
These adverbs express how certain or sure we feel about an action or event.
Common adverbs of certainty:
certainly, definitely, probably, undoubtedly, surely
Adverbs of certainty go before the main verb but after the verb 'to be':
With other auxiliary verb, these adverbs go between the auxiliary and the main verb:
Sometimes these adverbs can be placed at the beginning of the sentence:
BE CAREFUL! with surely. When it is placed at the beginning of the sentence, it means the speaker thinks something is true, but is looking for confirmation:
RELATIVE ADVERBS
The following adverbs can be used to join sentences or clauses. They replace the more formal structure of preposition + which in a relative clause:
where, when, why
COMPARATIVE FORMS OF ADVERBS
In general, comparative and superlative forms of adverbs are the same as for adjectives:
hard late fast
harder later faster
the hardest the latest the fastest
with adverbs ending in -ly, use more for the comparative and most for the superlative:
quietly slowly seriously
more quietly more slowly more seriously
most quietly most slowly most seriously
Some adverbs have irregular comparative forms: Adverb Comparative Superlative badly far little well worse farther/further less better worst farthest/furthest least best
Adverb Comparative Superlative badly far little well worse farther/further less better worst farthest/furthest least best
BE CAREFUL! Sometimes 'most' can mean 'very':
VIEWPOINT AND COMMENTING ADVERBS
There are some adverbs and adverbial expressions which tell us about the speaker's viewpoint or opinion about an action, or make some comment on the action.
Viewpoint
Frankly, I think he is a liar. (= this is my frank, honest opinion) Theoretically, you should pay a fine. (= from a theoretical point of view but there may be another way of looking at the situation)
These adverbs are placed at the beginning of the sentence and are separated from the rest of the sentence by a comma.
Some common Viewpoint adverbs:
honestly, seriously, confidentially, personally, surprisingly, ideally, economically, officially, obviously, clearly, surely, undoubtedly.
Commenting
These are very similar to viewpoint adverbs, and often the same words, but they go in a different position - after the verb to be and before the main verb.
Some common Commenting adverbs:
definitely, certainly, obviously, simply.
GRAMMATICAL ERRORSPRACTICAL USAGESCONFUSING WORDSPHRASALSIRREGULAR VERBSADJECTIVESADVERBSIDIOMSPROVERBSOPPOSITESSYNONYMSReading IdiomsReading PhrasalREADINGShort storiesMore elliese
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He who speaks without modesty will find it difficult to make his words good. Confucius
I have often wished I had time to cultivate modesty... But I am too busy thinking about myself. Edith Sitwell
Life is a long lesson in humility. James M. Barrie
Be modest! It is the kind of pride least likely to offend. Jules Renard
Modesty is a shining light; it prepares the mind to receive knowledge, and the heart for truth. Madam Guizot
I am no more humble than my talents require. Oscar Levant
If I only had a little humility, I'd be perfect. Ted Turner
Acting is not being emotional, but being able to express emotion. Kate Reid
I have long since come to believe that people never mean half of what they say, and that it is best to disregard their talk and judge only their actions. Dorothy Day
I have always thought the actions of men the best interpreters of their thoughts. John Locke
Strong reasons make strong actions. William Shakespeare
Half the money I spend on advertising is wasted; the trouble is I don't know which half. John Wanamaker
You can tell the ideals of a nation by its advertisements. Norman Douglas
Advertising may be described as the science of arresting the human intelligence long enough to get money from it. Stephen Leacock
Advertisements... contain the only truths to be relied on in a newspaper. Thomas Jefferson
I read no newspaper now but Ritchie's, and in that chiefly the advertisements, for they contain the only truths to be relied on in a newspaper. Thomas Jefferson
What is the difference between unethical and ethical advertising? Unethical advertising uses falsehoods to deceive the public; ethical advertising uses truth to deceive the public. Vilhjalmur Stefansson
Never trust the advice of a man in difficulties. Aesop
It is very difficult to live among people you love and hold back from offering them advice. Anne Tyler
People who ask our advice almost never take it. Yet we should never refuse to give it, upon request, for it often helps us to see our own way more clearly. Brendan Francis
Ask advice only of your equals. Danish Proverb
Please give me some good advice in your next letter. I promise not to follow it. Edna St. Vincent Millay (1892 - 1950), Letters
Write down the advice of him who loves you, though you like it not at present. English Proverb
Advice is what we ask for when we already know the answer but wish we didn't. Erica Jong
I owe my success to having listened respectfully to the very best advice, and then going away and doing the exact opposite. G. K. Chesterton
Never give advice unless asked. German Proverb Some people like my advice so much that they frame it upon the wall instead of using it. Gordon R. Dickson
The true secret of giving advice is, after you have honestly given it, to be perfectly indifferent whether it is taken or not, and never persist in trying to set people right. Hannah Whitall Smith I have found the best way to give advice to your children is to find out what they want and then advise them to do it. Harry S Truman
Never take the advice of someone who has not had your kind of trouble. Sidney J. Harris
In giving advice, seek to help, not please your friend. Solon
Never advise anyone to go to war or to marry. Spanish Proverb
Beware of the young doctor and the old barber. Benjamin Franklin
To me, old age is always 15 years older than I am. Bernard M. Baruch
Aging is not 'lost youth' but a new stage of opportunity and strength. Betty Friedan
There is no old age. There is, as there always was, just you. Carol Matthau
Always be nice to those younger than you, because they are the ones who will be writing about you. Cyril Connolly
The great secret that all old people share is that you really haven't changed in 70 or 80 years. Your body changes, but you don't change at all. Doris Lessing
The surprising thing about young fools is how many survive to become old fools. Doug Larson
Though it sounds absurd, it is true to say I felt younger at sixty than I felt at twenty. Ellen Glasgow
The longer I live the more beautiful life becomes. Frank Lloyd Wright
Age to me means nothing. I can't get old; I'm working. I was old when I was twenty-one and out of work. As long as you're working, you stay young. When I'm in front of an audience, all that love and vitality sweeps over me and I forget my age. George Burns
I was always taught to respect my elders and I've now reached the age when I don't have anybody to respect. George Burns
About the only thing that comes to us without effort is old age. Gloria Pitzer
Age is not a particularly interesting subject. Anyone can get old. All you have to do is live long enough. Groucho Marx
The older I grow the more I distrust the familiar doctrine that age brings wisdom. H. L. Mencken .
My idea of an agreeable person is a person who agrees with me. Benjamin Disraeli
It is by universal misunderstanding that all agree. For if, by ill luck, people understood each other, they would never agree. Charles Baudelaire
Those who agree with us may not be right, but we admire their astuteness. Cullen Hightower
We rarely think people have good sense unless they agree with us. Francois de La Rochefoucauld
If two men agree on everything, you may be sure that one of them is doing the thinking. Lyndon B. Johnson
I don't necessarily agree with everything I say. Marshall McLuhan
If you can find something everyone agrees on, it's wrong. Mo Udall
Whenever people agree with me I always feel I must be wrong. Oscar Wilde
The greatest mistake is trying to be more agreeable than you can be. Walter Bagehot
When two men in business always agree, one of them is unnecessary. William Wrigley Jr.
America is a large, friendly dog in a very small room. Every time it wags its tail, it knocks over a chair. Arnold Toynbee There is nothing wrong with America that cannot be cured by what is right with America. Bill Clinton
America's one of the finest countries anyone ever stole. Bobcat Goldthwaite
There's the country of America, which you have to defend, but there's also the idea of America. America is more than just a country, it's an idea. An idea that's supposed to be contagious. Bono
There is nothing wrong with America that the faith, love of freedom, intelligence and energy of her citizens cannot cure. Dwight D. Eisenhower (1890 - 1969)
The United States is a nation of laws: badly written and randomly enforced. Frank Zappa
England and America are two countries separated by a common language. George Bernard Shaw
America is a young country with an old mentality. George Santayana
America has never been an empire. We may be the only great power in history that had the chance, and refused – preferring greatness to power and justice to glory. George W. Bush
America has never been united by blood or birth or soil. We are bound by ideals that move us beyond our backgrounds, lift us above our interests and teach us what it means to be citizens. George W. Bush
America will never run... And we will always be grateful that liberty has found such brave defenders. George W. Bush
In the United States there is more space where nobody is than where anybody is. That is what makes America what it is. Gertrude Stein
What's right about America is that although we have a mess of problems, we have great capacity - intellect and resources - to do some thing about them. Henry Ford II
This is the story of America. Everybody's doing what they think they're supposed to do. Jack Kerouac
In a country as big as the United States, you can find fifty examples of anything. Jeffery F. Chamberlain
America is a vast conspiracy to make you happy. There are three social classes in America: upper middle class, middle class, and lower middle class. Judith Martin,
The thing that impresses me the most about America is the way parents obey their children. King Edward VIII
Anger makes you smaller, while forgiveness forces you to grow beyond what you were. Cherie Carter-Scott
When anger rises, think of the consequences. Confucius
If you would cure anger, do not feed it. Say to yourself: 'I used to be angry every day; then every other day; now only every third or fourth day.' When you reach thirty days offer a sacrifice of thanksgiving to the gods. Epictetus
Anger at lies lasts forever. Anger at truth can't last. Greg Evans
Never forget what a man says to you when he is angry. Henry Ward Beecher
Speak when you are angry--and you will make the best speech you'll ever regret. Laurence J. Peter
Usually when people are sad, they don't do anything. They just cry over their condition. But when they get angry, they bring about a change. Malcolm X
I have a right to my anger, and I don't want anybody telling me I shouldn't be, that it's not nice to be, and that something's wrong with me because I get angry. Maxine Waters
My parents only had one argument in forty-five years. It lasted forty-three years. Cathy Ladman
He who strikes the first blow admits he's lost the argument. Chinese Proverb
I can win an argument on any topic, against any opponent. People know this, and steer clear of me at parties. Often, as a sign of their great respect, they don't even invite me. Dave Barry
Use soft words and hard arguments. English Proverb
The most perfidious way of harming a cause consists of defending it deliberately with faulty arguments. Friedrich Nietzsche
The thing I hate about an argument is that it always interrupts a discussion. G. K. Chesterton
No matter what side of the argument you are on, you always find people on your side that you wish were on the other. Jascha Heifetz
If you go in for argument, take care of your temper. Your logic, if you have any, will take care of itself. Joseph Farrell
Silence is one of the hardest arguments to refute. Josh Billings
Behind every argument is someone's ignorance. Louis D. Brandeis
Arguments are to be avoided; they are always vulgar and often convincing. Oscar Wilde
It is not necessary to understand things in order to argue about them. Pierre Beaumarchais
In a heated argument we are apt to lose sight of the truth. Publilius Syrus
The argument is at an end. Saint Augustine
It is impossible to defeat an ignorant man in argument. William G. McAdoo
With reasonable men I will reason; with humane men I will plea; but to tyrants I will give no quarter, nor waste arguments where they will certainly be lost. William Lloyd Garrison
For they are yet ear-kissing arguments. William Shakespeare
[Abstract art is] a product of the untalented, sold by the unprincipled to the utterly bewildered. Al Capp
Art is the imposing of a pattern on experience, and our aesthetic enjoyment is recognition of the pattern. Alfred North Whitehead
Painting: The art of protecting flat surfaces from the weather and exposing them to the critic. Ambrose Bierce
Art is the desire of a man to express himself, to record the reactions of his personality to the world he lives in. Amy Lowell
Art is a collaboration between God and the artist, and the less the artist does the better. Andre Gide
Let each man exercise the art he knows. Aristophanes
I believe that if it were left to artists to choose their own labels, most would choose none. Ben Shahn
So you see, imagination needs moodling - long, inefficient, happy idling, dawdling and puttering. Brenda Ueland
I suppose no matter what I'm drawing, there will always be some sort of question in my mind about it. A work of art (even cartoon art)is never really finished; it is abandoned. Brooke McEldowney,
I can't criticize what I don't understand. If you want to call this art, you've got the benefit of all my doubts. Charles Rosin,
Art is born of the observation and investigation of nature. Cicero
Art forms of the past were really considered elitist. Bach did not compose for the masses, neither did Beethoven. It was always for patrons, aristocrats, and royalty. Now we have a sort of democratic version of that, which is to say that the audience is so splintered in its interests. David Cronenberg, Rocketboom,
The idea of a mass audience was really an invention of the Industrial Revolution. David Cronenberg,
I merely took the energy it takes to pout and wrote some blues. Duke Ellington
Works of art, in my opinion, are the only objects in the material universe to possess internal order, and that is why, though I don't believe that only art matters, I do believe in Art for Art's sake. E. M. Forster
Another unsettling element in modern art is that common symptom of immaturity, the dread of doing what has been done before. Edith Wharton
Art is on the side of the oppressed. Think before you shudder at the simplistic dictum and its heretical definition of the freedom of art. For if art is freedom of the spirit, how can it exist within the oppressors? Edith Wharton
A painting in a museum hears more ridiculous opinions than anything else in the world. Edmond de Goncourt
Illusions are art, for the feeling person, and it is by art that you live, if you do. Elizabeth Bowen
Artists who seek perfection in everything are those who cannot attain it in anything. Eugene Delacroix
Art is making something out of nothing and selling it. Frank Zappa
I paint my own reality. The only thing I know is that I paint because I need to, and I paint whatever passes through my head without any other consideration. Frida Kahlo
Art, like morality, consists of drawing the line somewhere. G. K. Chesterton
A positive attitude may not solve all your problems, but it will annoy enough people to make it worth the effort. Herm Albright
I happen to feel that the degree of a person's intelligence is directly reflected by the number of conflicting attitudes she can bring to bear on the same topic. Lisa Alther, Kinflicks,
Complaining is good for you as long as you're not complaining to the person you're complaining about. Lynn Johnston
A strong positive mental attitude will create more miracles than any wonder drug. Patricia Neal
Human beings, by changing the inner attitudes of their minds, can change the outer aspects of their lives. William James
The greatest discovery of my generation is that a human being can alter his life by altering his attitudes of mind. William James
A bank is a place that will lend you money if you can prove that you don't need it. Bob Hope
Drive-in banks were established so most of the cars today could see their real owners. E. Joseph Cossman
A banker is a fellow who lends you his umbrella when the sun is shining, but wants it back the minute it begins to rain. Mark Twain
The first question I ask myself when something doesn't seem to be beautiful is why do I think it's not beautiful. And very shortly you discover that there is no reason. John Cage
I never saw an ugly thing in my life: for let the form of an object be what it may - light, shade, and perspective will always make it beautiful. John Constable
Rarely do great beauty and great virtue dwell together. Petrarch
When I'm working on a problem, I never think about beauty. I think only how to solve the problem. But when I have finished, if the solution is not beautiful, I know it is wrong. R. Buckminster Fuller
Reading, after a certain age, diverts the mind too much from its creative pursuits. Any man who reads too much and uses his own brain too little falls into lazy habits of thinking. Albert Einstein
This paperback is very interesting, but I find it will never replace a hardcover book - it makes a very poor doorstop. Alfred Hitchcock
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